Genetics Calculators
Genetics calculators for students and researchers — Punnett squares (mono-, di-, and trihybrid), Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, allele and mutation frequency, DNA to mRNA, and recombination frequency.
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Allele Frequency Calculator
Calculate allele frequencies (p and q) from genotype counts in a population.
Dihybrid Cross Calculator
Generate a 4×4 Punnett square for a two-trait dihybrid cross with phenotype ratios.
DNA Copy Number Calculator
Calculate the number of DNA copies from mass (ng) and sequence length (bp).
DNA to mRNA Converter
Transcribe a DNA template strand to mRNA and its complementary strand instantly.
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculator
Calculate expected genotype frequencies (p², 2pq, q²) from allele frequencies.
Mutation Frequency Calculator
Calculate mutation frequency and rate from mutant count and total population.
Punnett Square Calculator
Generate a monohybrid Punnett square with genotype and phenotype ratios from parent alleles.
qPCR Efficiency Calculator
Calculate qPCR efficiency (%) from a standard curve slope using MIQE guidelines.
Trihybrid Cross Calculator
Generate an 8×8 Punnett square for a three-trait trihybrid cross with phenotype ratios.
Recombination Frequency Calculator
Calculate recombination frequency and map distance in centiMorgans from offspring counts.
Frequently asked questions
A:A grid showing all possible offspring genotypes from a cross, used to predict inheritance ratios.
A:The principle that allele frequencies stay constant across generations under ideal conditions: p² + 2pq + q² = 1.
A:Recombinant offspring ÷ total offspring × 100; 1% equals 1 centiMorgan of map distance.